of | |
after | |
the next day | |
to follow | |
to become deaf | |
drunkard | |
godless | |
to dismiss | |
a standing of | |
behind | |
back | |
the following | |
last | |
(forming adjectives indicating status or mood | |
narrow | |
fright | |
anguish | |
hardly | |
hard | |
August | |
mind | |
= -aga- | |
spirit | |
eight | |
eighty | |
eighth | |
river | |
to have | |
we have | |
I have | |
= áigan | |
to beg for | |
property | |
horse | |
only | |
alone | |
onefold | |
= -eini- | |
eleven | |
one | |
(+ ni) no one | |
soon | |
to be a messenger | |
Wednesday | |
earth | |
earthly | |
messenger | |
astray | |
to revere | |
mother | |
oath | |
or | |
eternal | |
time | |
but | |
fruit | |
field | |
to grow | |
temple | |
except | |
elsewhere | |
elsewhere | |
other | |
all | |
old | |
older | |
onto | |
on | |
to add to | |
to bid | |
command | |
(+acc) to call on | |
a laying on | |
hidden | |
blasphemy | |
to be silent | |
visible | |
to comfort | |
future | |
along | |
(forming nomina agentis: bisitands | |
answer | |
evening | |
pleasant | |
adversary | |
face | |
service | |
to loose | |
end | |
to answer | |
either (used with aíththáu) | |
gracious | |
favor | |
other | |
April | |
work | |
heritage | |
heir | |
heir | |
heiress | |
Tuesday | |
(forming nomina agentis from other nouns | |
to plough/plow | |
to pity | |
arm | |
poor | |
August | |
harvest | |
ass | |
she-ass | |
servant | |
(originally forming verbs such as laúhatjan | |
branch | |
at | |
year | |
to show | |
to go | |
to give up | |
but | |
(forming intensive verbs which fell together with causatives in class I weak conj.: laúhatjan | |
to call | |
father | |
to touch | |
observation | |
blessed | |
to show | |
higher | |
highest | |
but also | |
to add | |
October | |
jug | |
garden | |
March | |
wilderness | |
desert | |
to thank | |
cinder | |
bed | |
tree | |
both | |
to bear | |
to hide | |
brightness | |
bright | |
bitterly | |
bitterness | |
bitter | |
bag | |
boldness | |
to torment | |
prisoner | |
sign | |
bosom | |
child | |
childish | |
best | |
better | |
to dwell | |
son | |
citizen | |
city | |
to await | |
by | |
to become larger | |
request | |
to ask | |
to find | |
to remain | |
it is permitted | |
to run about | |
neighbor | |
to offer | |
mercy | |
blind | |
flower | |
October | |
blood | |
to rub | |
(sing) letter of the alphabet; (pl) book | |
scribe | |
advantage | |
to bring | |
to break | |
to burn | |
fever | |
brother | |
to use | |
useful | |
breastplate | |
well | |
breast | |
bridegroom | |
to buy | |
day | |
December | |
to deal out | |
portion | |
Monday | |
down | |
below | |
it is good for | |
daughter | |
baptism | |
door | |
to put to death | |
death | |
deed | |
to share | |
departure | |
deep | |
wild beast | |
to die | |
to judge (+ optional double accusative) | |
to drive | |
to drive | |
to drink | |
slope | |
fall | |
to | |
to begin | |
feast (recurring) | |
to run to | |
(equivalent to -tude | |
to be foolish | |
foolish | |
that | |
(forming adj.: anda-nemeigs | |
(forming f. abstract nouns from adjectives: áudagei | |
(equivalent to the -en in earthen | |
iron | |
father | |
family | |
to rejoice | |
beautiful | |
to seize | |
joy | |
February | |
cattle | |
mountain | |
world | |
old | |
from afar | |
to gaze around | |
spectacle | |
to fold | |
-fold | |
traffic | |
to fare | |
to fast | |
fasting | |
for | |
before | |
before | |
steward | |
to go before | |
curtain | |
ruler | |
to forbid | |
= faúra-hâh | |
to fear | |
chief | |
before that | |
small | |
region | |
fourfold | |
four | |
forty | |
fourteen | |
to hate | |
enemy | |
hatred | |
to hide | |
great | |
five | |
fifty | |
fifth | |
fifteen | |
fifteenth | |
to find | |
fisher | |
to fish | |
fish | |
meat | |
to feed | |
fire | |
foot | |
to sell | |
a giving away | |
to ask | |
to tempt | |
temptation | |
seed | |
to despise | |
to lose | |
to perish | |
loss | |
from | |
of great age | |
to expend | |
to perish | |
understanding | |
to understand | |
master | |
Sunday | |
to be lord or king | |
vengeance | |
free | |
love | |
to love | |
friend | |
friend | |
understanding | |
wise | |
the former | |
first | |
bird | |
hidden | |
perfect | |
to fill | |
to become full | |
fullness | |
full | |
fiery | |
to ill-treat | |
to profit | |
birth | |
to bind | |
to dare | |
to die | |
well-behaved | |
to gain | |
to go | |
to cleanse | |
thought | |
want | |
to be fain or willing | |
companion | |
parable | |
to recognize | |
test | |
faith | |
to believe | |
to liken | |
like | |
cross | |
common | |
to write | |
to find room | |
to meet | |
rememberance | |
enough | |
to be made alive | |
assembly | |
righteous | |
yard | |
consultation | |
marketplace | |
companion | |
creation | |
to possess | |
guest | |
to tear to pieces | |
to tame | |
a tear | |
destruction | |
to suffer want | |
to become dry | |
to cherish | |
building | |
street | |
to perceive | |
to lament | |
mourning | |
sad | |
peace | |
to awake | |
to make | |
fellow worker | |
to visit | |
region | |
willing | |
gift | |
to give | |
tomorrow | |
to greet | |
good | |
ditch | |
grass | |
hungry | |
to be greedy or hungry (impers. +acc of person) | |
to weep | |
den | |
preist | |
gold | |
golden | |
man | |
Gothic language | |
to have | |
to hang | |
to strive | |
fight | |
August | |
to heal | |
whole | |
village | |
shepherd | |
heart | |
sword | |
to call | |
field | |
order | |
half | |
to hold | |
hell | |
rooster | |
clever | |
hand | |
harder | |
hard | |
army | |
to hate | |
to be angry | |
head | |
door | |
horn | |
horn-blower | |
to hear | |
hay | |
to praise | |
here | |
chamber | |
hither | |
to help | |
heaven | |
behind | |
behind | |
to go behind | |
deceitful | |
hindmost | |
this (acc. hina | |
crowd | |
loaf | |
grave | |
on the left | |
thief | |
hearing | |
pure | |
soft | |
to treat with violence | |
to commit adultery | |
adulterer | |
clean | |
February | |
to hunger (impers. +acc of person) | |
hunger | |
gracious | |
dog | |
hip | |
treasure | |
whether (clitic) | |
whither | |
wheat | |
how | |
(interr) when? | |
where | |
to go about | |
who | |
(indefinite) each | |
who | |
(indefinite | |
which of two | |
each of two | |
whence | |
(indef) each | |
(interr) with what | |
time | |
white | |
(interr) how great | |
what sort of | |
to boast | |
lest | |
evenness | |
even | |
(preterite of gaggan) I went | |
to repent | |
reproach | |
next | |
(poss) of you two | |
I | |
I who... (relative) | |
I am | |
in | |
on account of | |
in | |
to put in the fire | |
(noun equivalent) one of the same household | |
change | |
within | |
of the same household | |
within | |
from within | |
the inner | |
(originally forming verbs of vocation or social status | |
without | |
he | |
thou art | |
(equivalent to -ish; forming adj. denoting manner or quality: barnisks | |
is | |
it | |
to eat | |
but | |
(forming f. abstr. n. from adj.: aggwitha | |
upwards | |
above | |
(rel) who | |
(poss) your | |
yea | |
if | |
and | |
= ja | |
= jáind | |
yonder | |
thither | |
that | |
January | |
and if | |
year | |
already | |
young | |
younger | |
yoke | |
July | |
June | |
ye | |
ye two | |
ye two who (relative) | |
already | |
ye who (relative) | |
calf | |
cold | |
care | |
prison | |
to care for | |
to buffet | |
to traffic | |
grain | |
heavy | |
womb | |
cheek | |
to choose | |
knee | |
to kiss | |
to know (+ optional double accusative) | |
knowledge | |
known | |
proof | |
long | |
to lay | |
remnant | |
I know | |
teacher | |
teachable | |
doctrine | |
to teach (+acc of person taught and +acc of thing taught) | |
to follow | |
footprint | |
lamb | |
weak | |
to invite | |
slothful | |
leaf | |
to lighten | |
pay | |
empty | |
to lend | |
body | |
to please | |
to go | |
strong drink | |
little | |
physician | |
to let | |
occasion | |
life | |
to live | |
to lie | |
bed | |
craftiness | |
limb | |
to grow | |
dear | |
to marry | |
hypocrite | |
face | |
air | |
to shut | |
light | |
candlestick | |
to desire | |
desire | |
maid | |
little boy | |
boy | |
mighty | |
possible | |
greatest | |
to cut | |
gift | |
greater | |
May (month) | |
sand | |
multitude | |
manyfold | |
greater | |
much | |
mankind | |
(with ni) no one | |
ready | |
sea | |
March | |
to eat | |
meat | |
morning | |
to mourn | |
murder | |
maiden | |
young maiden | |
my | |
to write | |
moon | |
month | |
proclaimer | |
Wednesday | |
middle | |
greatly | |
greatness | |
to be magnified | |
great | |
milk | |
least | |
smaller | |
misdeed | |
different | |
(always with pers. pron.) reciprocally | |
measure | |
with | |
with | |
partition wall | |
travelling companion | |
to consider | |
reward | |
angry | |
custom | |
toll-taker | |
dust | |
to consider | |
thought | |
night | |
to name | |
salvation | |
to save | |
net | |
to make wet | |
November | |
corpse | |
need | |
nay | |
nigh to | |
neighbor | |
needle | |
not | |
unless | |
rust | |
and not | |
to take | |
= ni ist | |
kinsman | |
cousin | |
new | |
newness | |
underage | |
nine | |
ninth | |
ninety | |
to enjoy | |
stern of a ship | |
now | |
fisher | |
to fear | |
(forming m. abstr. n. from class II weak v.: gáunothus | |
Friday | |
Thursday | |
gentle | |
wife | |
to come | |
woman | |
saying | |
to say | |
alive | |
advent | |
counsellor | |
right | |
to raise | |
mile | |
number | |
red | |
language | |
house | |
rule | |
to rule | |
ruler | |
to tremble | |
darkness | |
dark | |
to speak | |
secret | |
this | |
(relative) who | |
song | |
that | |
to sow | |
six | |
sixty | |
sixth | |
to see | |
September | |
soul | |
sea | |
strife | |
sackcloth | |
to anoint | |
salt | |
same | |
to the same place | |
Saturday | |
full | |
to set | |
sickness | |
sorrow | |
to sorrow | |
sacrifice | |
his | |
late | |
good | |
she | |
seven | |
seventy | |
to practice | |
custom | |
to rejoice | |
to sing | |
victory (irregular spelling probably a typo for a sm. *sigus | |
oneself | |
self | |
wonderful | |
silver | |
silver | |
once | |
old | |
always | |
daily | |
time (lit. a going) | |
pupil | |
to sit | |
seat | |
to sew | |
to be sick | |
sick | |
sight | |
shade | |
to divide | |
I shall | |
to serve | |
servant | |
(+ sik) to be ashamed | |
to shape | |
beautiful | |
to shine | |
clear | |
shield | |
ship | |
mirror | |
debtor | |
to owe | |
owing | |
slaughter | |
to be silent | |
to sleep | |
sleep | |
fig | |
small | |
garment | |
snow | |
wise | |
the (f.) | |
that | |
to seek | |
search | |
sparrow | |
stadium | |
last | |
to narrate | |
quickly | |
stone | |
star | |
to stand | |
place | |
judgement | |
judge | |
voice | |
to judge | |
to strew | |
stroke | |
January | |
(indefinite) someone | |
truth | |
truly | |
true | |
to justify | |
as soon as | |
son | |
sweet | |
sweeter | |
so that | |
father in law | |
mother in law | |
so great | |
such | |
black | |
just like | |
like | |
to cease | |
to honor | |
honored | |
piper | |
to pipe | |
manifest | |
stronger | |
strong | |
sister | |
to sigh | |
hair | |
tear | |
right (hand side) | |
ten | |
tenth | |
hundred | |
hundredfold | |
hundred | |
token | |
teacher | |
deed | |
to do | |
to touch | |
whither | |
to think | |
to be silent | |
clay | |
through | |
to go or come through | |
to go through | |
to see through | |
to keep watch | |
but | |
if | |
therefore | |
there | |
(relative) where | |
that | |
that | |
that | |
to need | |
need | |
thorny | |
thorn | |
dry | |
to thrive | |
thunder | |
thy | |
theft | |
people | |
kingdom | |
to reign as king | |
king | |
kingdom | |
servant | |
maidservant | |
soft | |
flight | |
to flee | |
to run | |
locust | |
three | |
thirty | |
third | |
for the third time | |
April | |
thou | |
to seem | |
thousand | |
(forming nouns such as fijathwa | |
to wash | |
-ty (suffix for decades 20-60) | |
fit | |
carpenter | |
to build | |
to lead | |
to trust | |
tree | |
tongue | |
firm | |
tooth | |
to doubt | |
of two | |
two | |
twenty | |
twelve years old | |
twelve | |
two each | |
(f. dat.) two each | |
(f. acc.) two each | |
to depart | |
(interrogative particle | |
evil | |
evil-doing | |
(from IE -mnyo-; forming n. from v. as: fastubni | |
under | |
under oath | |
over | |
overfull | |
superscription | |
to write over | |
to forget | |
above | |
to submit | |
to perceive | |
to lie under | |
of us two | |
(enclitic) but | |
early morn | |
fearless | |
not bearing | |
unto | |
for | |
under | |
under | |
to seize | |
to run to one | |
want of health | |
unknown | |
our | |
lawless | |
until | |
unlearned | |
out | |
to await | |
to be aghast | |
(+acc) to choose out | |
to become unlocked | |
accusation | |
outside | |
= ûtathro | |
from without | |
wall | |
pledge | |
watch | |
to blow | |
thing | |
I wish | |
man | |
to throw | |
worse | |
to become | |
worthy | |
to wake | |
power | |
to choose | |
belly | |
to turn | |
lacking | |
guard | |
to forbid | |
to clothe | |
clothing | |
word | |
to work | |
serpent | |
work | |
effective | |
root | |
priest | |
to fight | |
holy | |
wine | |
we | |
witness | |
we who (relative) | |
to hope | |
hope | |
way | |
will | |
be willing | |
wild | |
wind | |
September | |
winter | |
years old | |
to be | |
we two | |
to know | |
to watch | |
we two who (relative) | |
against | |
to go to meet | |
contrariwise | |
opposite | |
lamb | |
knowledge | |
July | |
accusation | |
wolf | |
glory | |
wound |
NOTICE: Like any imperfect human endeavor, this site may contain errors. Please report any that you find using the new Feedback Form.
Although the Goths didn't have any such concept as the corporate Monday-Friday, and apparently must not have celebrated birthdays (since
"years old" is expressed with the combining form
Jan | |
Feb | |
Mar | |
Apr | |
May | |
Jun | |
Jul | |
Aug | |
Sep | |
Oct | |
Nov | |
Dec | |
And the weekdays:
Mon | |
Tues | |
Wedn | |
Thu | |
Fri | |
Sat | |
Sun | |
Not all of these are attested, so some of them have been reconstructed based on other Germanic languages.
black | |
white | |
gray | |
brown | |
red | |
yellow | |
green | |
blue |
Many of the words we've seen already in these lessons are actually compound forms of simpler words. Some of the ways these words are compounded include:
away, as in | |
next, later: | |
on: | |
against: | |
at: | |
around: | |
appears to be a Latin borrowing. Apart: | |
to: | |
throughout: | |
fore: | |
similar to English for-. | |
from: | |
A common Germanic prefix, related to Latin con- and originally meaning "together". Ultimately became mainly an intensifier, although it once formed verbal perfectives and also frequently occurs in collective nouns. | |
behind: | |
similar to English re-: | |
in: | |
within: | |
bad, lost, mis-: | |
with: | |
known only in | |
separate: | |
through: | |
under: | |
over: | |
without: | |
similar to and-: | |
out: | |
to: |
forming adjectives from verbal roots: | |
the same as | |
forming fem. abstr. nouns from Class I thru Class III weak verbs: | |
forming nomina agentis from verbal roots: | |
forming nomina agentis from other nouns, and sometimes from verbs: | |
similar to English -ness: | |
forming causative verbs: | |
forming feminine abstract nouns: | |
forming adjectives of repletion, habit, or ability: | |
forming fem. abstract nouns from adjectives: | |
forming adjectives of composition or repletion: | |
forming verbs indicating committing or acting as: | |
same as English -ish: | |
forming fem. abstr. nouns from adjectives: | |
forming masc. abstr. nouns from Class II weak verbs: | |
forming fem. abstr. nouns: | |
forming neut. abstr. nouns: |
Translate these from Gothic:
1. |
2. |
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